Anger is a natural emotion that develops over time to help us deal with threats and challenges. It’s like our body’s way of getting ready for a fight or overcoming difficulties. When we feel angry, our body goes into a mode that prepares us to either face an enemy or run away from a tough situation.

How we express anger is believed to be a natural reaction. However, there are societal “display rules” that dictate when it’s okay to show anger and when it’s not. Another aspect of feeling angry involves specific thoughts. 

When we measure anger, we’re trying to understand and evaluate how someone reacts or thinks in response to it.

How To Measure Anger

When we measure anger, it’s important that the method can tell the difference between anger and other emotions, give us a clear idea of how much anger is being felt, and ensure that the results aren’t influenced by people intentionally trying to change them.

Related: 8 Types of Anger: What is Your Anger Style?

स्व-रिपोर्टों

क्रोध को समझने का सामान्य तरीका सर्वेक्षणों के माध्यम से लोगों से उनके विचारों, भावनाओं, दृष्टिकोण और कार्यों के बारे में पूछना है।

क्रोध को एक अस्थायी भावना के रूप में मापा जा सकता है, हल्की जलन से लेकर तीव्र क्रोध तक, या क्रोध महसूस करने की स्थायी प्रवृत्ति के रूप में। ऐसा माना जाता है कि जिन लोगों में क्रोध की प्रवृत्ति अधिक होती है, वे कम क्रोध प्रवृत्ति वाले लोगों की तुलना में क्रोध की भावनाओं को अधिक बार, तीव्रता से और लंबे समय तक अनुभव करते हैं।

Surveys focused on anger are typically straightforward for measuring (like counting the “Yes” responses), but people can easily manipulate their answers.

एक स्व-रिपोर्ट क्रोध सर्वेक्षण लें यहाँ.

व्यवहार संबंधी अवलोकन

Feeling angry usually comes with a specific facial expression, but it’s not a must. Whether someone shows anger on their face depends on the situation, social expectations, and personal differences. 

However, if anger is expressed in facial expressions, you’ll likely see lowered eyebrows and a closer positioning of them. This might be accompanied by intense eye contact, wider nostrils, tightly pressed lips, or even the showing of teeth. 

Experts use the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) to analyze and understand these facial patterns (developed by Ekman and Friesen in 1978).

क्रोध से जुड़ी प्रमुख और सबसे महत्वपूर्ण गतिविधि भौंहों का सिकुड़ना है। ऐसा माना जाता है कि क्रोध जैसी बुनियादी भावनाओं की अभिव्यक्ति विरासत में मिलती है और इसे छोटे बच्चों में भी देखा जा सकता है।

Trained evaluators can accurately analyze facial expressions, but this method offers only a moderate level of measuring anger. Generally, it’s possible to distinguish between mild and intense anger. Although people can manage their facial expressions, it’s challenging to convincingly manipulate them in the eyes of an experienced evaluator.

क्रोध के शारीरिक उपाय

जब कोई क्रोधित होता है, तो उसका शरीर अत्यधिक सक्रिय हो जाता है, जिससे अतिसक्रिय, बेचैन, तनावग्रस्त और शक्तिशाली होने की भावना उत्पन्न हो जाती है। ऐसा इसलिए होता है क्योंकि तंत्रिका तंत्र इस प्रतिक्रिया के लिए जिम्मेदार हिस्से को ऊपर उठाता है, जबकि दूसरा हिस्सा पीछे हट जाता है।

We can measure this physical response by checking things like blood pressure, heart rate, or skin conductance. However, these physical responses are often general, and it’s challenging to tell exactly what emotion is causing them. But when people say they’re angry, we often see increases in blood pressure, especially the bottom number, and total peripheral resistance. Additionally, there’s usually a rise in heart rate, more skin conductance responses, and increased muscle activity.

जब वैज्ञानिक क्रोध के क्षणों के दौरान मस्तिष्क को देखने के लिए एमआरआई और पीईटी जैसे मस्तिष्क स्कैन का उपयोग करते हैं, तो उन्हें पता चलता है कि ऑर्बिटोफ्रंटल कॉर्टेक्स नामक भाग सक्रिय है। शोधकर्ताओं ने पाया कि गुस्से के दौरान मस्तिष्क तरंगों (ईईजी) को मापते समय मस्तिष्क का बायां हिस्सा अधिक सक्रिय हो जाता है।

While these methods provide very precise measurements, they can’t specifically tell us if someone is angry. The same bodily responses can happen in other emotional states. Despite studies showing that people can learn to control these physiological states through training, doing so spontaneously is extremely difficult.

निष्कर्ष

When we talk about anger, we can look at it in three ways: how a person feels inside, what they show on the outside, and what’s happening in their body. To measure anger, we have surveys for personal feelings, codes for facial expressions, and tests that check body reactions. But because each of these methods has its own pros and cons, it’s a good idea to use at least two of them to get a better understanding of someone’s anger.

Reference: Bongard, S. (2013). Anger, Measurement. In: Gellman, M.D., Turner, J.R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_227