In 1920, behaviorist  John B. Watson built on Pavlov’s work on Classical conditioning by investigating if these principles would apply to humans.  Watson believed that behavior was both predictable and controllable, asserting that it always resulted from conditioning. He rejected the existence of innate behavior or instincts, insisting that every aspect of behavior was learned through experience. He and his colleague Rosalie Rayner conducted a controversial study where they deliberately conditioned an infant known as Albert B. to be fearful of small animals. Related: Pavlov’s Dog Experiment The Little Albert Experiment Undoubtedly, Watson’s most well-known experiment is his research on…

Acquiring new knowledge, behaviors, attitudes, and ideas is referred to as learning. This process can take place through both conscious and unconscious pathways. Let’s delve into the intricacies of Pavlov’s dog experiment, where the principles of learning and conditioning were vividly demonstrated. What Is Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning often referred to as Pavlovian conditioning is an unconscious learning method and is the most straightforward way in which humans can learn. It is learning by associating one thing with another, often without realizing it. Ivan Pavlov accidentally stumbled upon classical conditioning while conducting research on the digestion of dogs. Pavlov’s dog…

In the realm of psychology, the concepts of internalizers and externalizers play a crucial role in understanding how individuals process emotions and respond to stress. Children who are raised by emotionally immature parents often end up feeling emotionally lonely. Despite appearing and behaving normally by taking care of the child’s physical needs such as providing meals and ensuring safety, these parents fail to establish a strong emotional bond with their child, leaving a void where a sense of genuine security could have been. When dealing with emotionally immature parents, children tend to handle emotional deprivation in one of two ways:…

The phrase “I am on a diet” often implies something that’s rigid, focuses on what you can’t eat, and that’s a negative experience. As a result, it’s common for people to abandon their diets and swiftly regain any weight they may have lost. Diet fads come and go, but experts agree that developing and sticking with healthy habits is a smart approach for lasting changes. One program that adheres to this idea is the Mayo Clinic Diet. It has consistently ranked high among the top-rated diets for weight loss, per U.S. News & World Report’s annual survey.  Related: Fad Diets:…

Psychological defense mechanisms are unconscious psychological strategies that protect us from anxious thoughts and feelings that we don’t want to deal with. These behaviors are learned to rely on in times of stress.

The quest for thinness has become synonymous with the pursuit of good health, leading to confusion between health and weight-loss advice. Diet companies and influencers promote wellness fads for profit while pretending to support the body-positive movement. People who do not conform to society’s ideal body type are shamed and encouraged to diet, perpetuating the problem. In some way or the other, weight loss is always on our minds We tend to believe what we hear repeatedly and it can be challenging to distinguish between fact and fiction. In this article, we will dispel the common weight loss myths that…

After finishing your meal and clearing your plate, there’s a lingering sense that something is missing until you indulge in a small sweet treat. Well, you are not the only one who feels this way. For many of us, a sugary nightcap has become your go-to indulgence. It’s not necessarily bad to give into this indulgence once in a while. But, sugar as we know isn’t our body’s greatest friend. Let’s try and understand our relationship with sugar better. Why Sugar Makes Us Feel Good (albeit momentarily)? Our feel-good after having sugar is associated with what sugar does when it…

We typically associate maturity with adults rather than children but, it is possible for some sensitive children to be more emotionally mature than their parents within a few years, despite the parents having more life experience. However, when emotionally immature parents lack the capacity to respond appropriately to their children’s emotional needs, the outcome is emotional neglect. Emotional neglect is a genuine phenomenon and can be just as detrimental as physical deprivation. Emotional neglect can have long-term negative impacts on a person’s relationships and intimate partners, leading to painful emotional loneliness.  Ultimately, understanding emotional immaturity allows individuals to focus on…

Anger, just like fear, sadness, and joy is one of the universal emotions. We all get angry but our ways of expressing and experiencing differ. It is also said that our style of expressing anger is influenced by the way we were exposed to anger in childhood. Once you understand your type of anger, you can work on changing it and learn to express it constructively. What Is Anger  Anger is an intense emotion we feel when someone has wronged us or something has gone wrong. It is typically characterized by physical arousal, thoughts about intolerance, frustration, and irritation. Not everyone…

All of us have different ways of expressing ourselves. Even our non-verbal communications differ from one another. Some of us prefer standing close while talking or enjoy winking and patting while laughing or greeting with hugs. Things that others might never do or even despise. Well, This is because we all have our own meaning of personal space. What is Personal Space The notion of personal space was introduced in 1966 by anthropologist Edward T. Hall, who created the concept of Proxemics. Proxemics is the study of space (or distance) that we maintain in social interactions and the effect that…